How Hurricanes Form in the Sahara Desert

How Hurricanes Form in the Sahara Desert In the United States, the eastern and Gulf coasts are at risk for being hammered by typhoons from June through November in light of the fact that the waters in the North Atlantic Ocean are normally at their hottest while the Sahara is at its most sizzling during a similar timeframe. A tropical storm is an intricate climate framework that can be just clarified as a channel of warm, wet air. It is a non-frontal framework whose air has an unmistakable roundabout stream. One beginnings formingâ for the United States when sight-seeing over the Sahara is discharged into the North Atlantic. The Sahara The Sahara, whose land mass is nearly that of the mainland United States, is the biggest â€Å"hot† desert on the planet. It is likewise the second biggest desert in general and covers 10 percent of the African landmass. (Antarctica is the biggest desert on the planet and is delegated a â€Å"cold† desert.) In the Sahara, the day-night-day temperatures can swing 30 degrees in a couple of hours. Extraordinary twirling twists over the Sahara convey sandâ over the Mediterranean, bringing storms into England, and drop sand on the sea shores of eastern Florida.â The Sahara-Hurricane Connection The temperatures of the land mass of western North Africa growsâ hot, and the air over this zone ascends to make the African easterly stream. A segment of sight-seeing swirls upward three miles and spreads as it races to the continentsâ west coast, where it plunges toward the sea. The air gets dampness from the warm waterâ and proceeds with its race westbound. The progression of the sea and the turn of Earth joined with the dry breezes of the desert and the warm, clammy air off the Atlantic pony scopes make this desert-brought into the world climate develop. As aâ weather framework traversed the Atlantic, it twists and flies over the water and can develop in force as it gets dampness, particularly when it shows up in the zone of Central America and the warm Eastern Pacific waters. Hurricanes versus Typhoons At the point when wind speeds in the climate framework are under 39 miles for every hour, it is delegated a tropical sorrow. At 39 to 73 miles for each hour, it is a typhoon, if its breezes are pivoting. This is where the World Meteorological Association gives the tempest a name, on a foreordained calendar that invigorates names at regular intervals, rotating male and female names in sequential request. Next up the tempest power scale after typhoons are hurricanes. The most minimal class of tropical storms occurs at 74 miles for each hour, classification 1. Now and then typhoons and tropical storms consume their time on earth out over the vast sea, never arriving at landfall. At the point when they do hitâ land, typhoons and tropical storms can do extraordinary harm through bringing forth tempests that cause flooding and tornadoes. When a hurricaneâ was sufficiently large to cause a great deal of harm, at that point the name is resigned and another name replaces it on the rundown. Contributed by Associate Writer Sharon Tomlinson

Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Types, Causes and Treatments

Provocative Bowel Disease: Types, Causes and Treatments The stomach related framework assumes an enormous job in the endurance in every living creature and our stomach related framework, through a progression of physical and substance changes, separates the food we eat into atoms that are consumed and utilized by the cells in our bodies. In the same way as other things throughout everyday life, we frequently exploit the frameworks in our body and don't take appropriate consideration of our bodies. We possibly appear to focus on them when something is turning out badly. Incendiary entrail ailment, otherwise called IBD, is one of numerous basic ailments that influence a huge number of individuals in North America consistently. Provocative entrail sickness isn't an illness in itself; rather it is a name for a gathering of comparative issue. The two principle kinds of provocative entrail sickness are known as Crohns ailment and Ulcerative colitis. The two issue cause portions of the stomach related tract (most ordinarily the huge or small dig estive organs) to get aroused. This paper will layout a few insights concerning fiery inside ailment including its causes, analyze treatment, way of life changes made when analyzed, and some different issues. Reasons for IBD Specialists and researchers have been looking into the reason, yet they are as yet not sure with respect to what precisely motivations them. It is accepted that the irritation brought about by IBD is added to by three fundamental variables. These variables are the qualities one acquires, ones resistant framework, and an outside substance (an antigen) in the earth. It is accepted that this remote substance is either legitimately causing the irritation or the antigen triggers the bodys invulnerable framework. When the resistant framework is activated it starts to create aggravation as an endeavor to decimate the antigen, yet in instances of IBD irritation can not be controlled. Despite the fact that the patients safe framework starts to protect the body, it doesn't have a clue how to appropriately stop at the right time which may make extraordinary harms the stomach related tract because of irritation and in the long run will cause ulcers (injuries) 1. Different reasons for IBD have to do with ones hereditary make up. It is accepted that IBD can be connected to ones race, family ancestry and qualities. IBD can influence some ethnic gatherings more than others. IBD was first accepted to just influence Caucasians yet late reports have changed that see. There is a pace of 149/100,000 Caucasians that are contaminated in America, however Jews of European drop living in North America are 4-5 times bound to get the ailment than individuals of other ethnicities2. There are likewise reports of higher instances of IBD in those of African drop, however there are lower disease rates in Asians and Hispanics. Studies likewise show that 10-20% of individuals who are influenced by IBD will have a family ancestry of having the malady. This implies most prominent conceivable hazard to contracting IBD is on the off chance that somebody in your family has been determined to have it previously. The individuals who have relatives who have been influence d are multiple times bound to be contaminated and if the tainted relative is a sibling or sister, odds of getting IBD builds 30 fold3. Researchers additionally have come to accept that the NOD2 quality might be connected with IBD Side effects Provocative entrail malady isn't reparable and will influence patients inconsistently for the duration of their lives. Side effects change from individual to individual with regards to IBD and will erupt and subside at various occasions in a patients life. The most well-known manifestations are loose bowels, cramps and rectal dying. IBD can likewise influence ones joints, eyes, and skin and a few kids who experience the ill effects of Crohns may encounter postponed development and sexual turn of events. IBD is an infection that will influence a patient for a long time and manifestations will go back and forth, now and then more extreme than different occasions. Alongside commonplace indications patients may feel different difficulties too. Basic entanglements in patients of IBD incorporate intestinal blockages brought about by expanding. The blockage will prompt smaller intestinal sections and thicker inside dividers. Drug can be utilized to expel these blockages, yet on the off chan ce that they are not kidding they may require medical procedure. Nutrional inadequacies may likewise be an intricacy regularly happening in the individuals who have been determined to have IBD for an extremely significant time-frame. Their bodies will experience difficulties with retaining proteins and nutrients, which may prompt an insufficiency. Nutrient enhancements might be required in these cases. Wounds and ulcers are additionally a typical inconvenience. The ulcers may cause a fistula (a gap that leads starting with one circle of the digestive tract then onto the next) to create. These gaps may prompt the bladder, vagina or skin and may get contaminated. In the event that sufficiently little, fistulas might be treated with drugs, yet on the off chance that genuine enough medical procedure might be required.5 Chrons Disease There are 5 principle sorts of Crohns infection dependent on the general region that is being influenced. The confusions and manifestations of Crohns are diverse relying upon what territory of the digestion tracts are aroused. Ileocolitis: This is the most well-known type of Crohns ailment that influences the ileum. The indications that accompany ileocolitis remember torment for center of the mid-region, squeezing, and loose bowels. Ileocolitis can likewise cause weight reduction. Ileitis: This type of Crohns just influences the ileum, yet brings about indistinguishable manifestations from ileocolitis. Gastroduodenal Crohns infection: Occurs in the stomach the duodenum. Side effects may incorporate loss of craving, sickness, and weight reduction Jejunoilletis: Jejunoiletis causes inconsistent regions of irritation in the jejunum. Side effects incorporate spasms following dinners, the runs and remember torment for the stomach district that ranges from mellow to extreme. Crohns colitis: This type of Crohns just influences the colon and causes looseness of the bowels, rectal dying, and different maladies around the butt including ulcers.6 Ulcerative Colitis There are additionally many type of ulcerative colitis, however they have nearly precisely the same indication as certain types of Crohns illness. Ulcerative Procitis: The aggravation in situated in the rectum and in gentle cases, rectal draining might be the main manifestation. In increasingly genuine cases one may feel abrupt inclinations to go to the washroom and tenesumus which is a term portraying excruciating and ineffectual solid discharges. Proctosigmoiditis: Inflammation is situated in the rectum and the last segment of the colon (sigmoid colon). The side effects are the equivalent of those that accompany ulcerative procitis. Left-sided Colitis: Inflamation in the left half of the colon (rectum, sigmoid colon, and slipping colon). Additionally called restricted or distal colitis. The side effects brought about by left-sided colitis are torment on the left half of the mid-region, weightloss and diarreah.7 Conclusion As per the Crohns Colitis Foundation of Canada by fall of 2008, around 200 000 Canadian8 and as indicated by the Crohns Colitis Foundation of America about 1.4 million Americans9 have been determined to have IBD. IBD will in general taint the individuals who are between the ages 15-35 years old, however isn't restricted to those couple of. It can likewise happen in more youthful youngsters and individuals as old as 70. An amazing 10% of the individuals who are influenced by IBD are younger than 18. In light of the high pace of IBD it is essential to have the malady appropriately analyzed. Incendiary inside illnesses manifestations are fundamentally the same as numerous different maladies so specialists must be cautious when diagnosing the sickness and it might require some investment. Some regular tests to analyze IBD incorporate endoscopies looking at the colon, the sigmoid colon, throat, or the liver and pancreatic pipe. Various sorts of radiology test can be utilized also includin g x-beams, CT examines, MRI, white platelet outputs, and ultrasounds. Some of the time a little bit of tissue from the contaminated region might be ready to deal with nearer examination. This can additionally assist specialists with diagnosing IBD.10 Treatment As of now, there isnt any known solution for IBD. When a patient is analyzed IBD it is critical to appropriately get the confusion all together hold ones manifestations within proper limits. The most well-known type of treatment is the use of drug. There are numerous kinds of medications used to treat patients with IBD. Aminosalicylates are one kind of medication utilized that are intended to die down aggravation brought about by IBD and is typically used to treat mellow side effects. Asacol,â ® Colazal,.â ® Dipentum,â ® orPentasa, ® are largely instances of aminosalicylates. Corticosteroids, the second sort of medication which is normally utilized in moderate to extreme cases, are given to patients to stifle ones safe framework. Prednisone and methylprednisolone are the kinds of corticosteroids and they can be perilous on the grounds that they may cause some drawn out reactions. The third sort of medication used to treat IBD are resistant modifiers. These are utilized to recuperate fistulas in the intestinal tract and to help diminish ones measurements of corticosteroids. Azathioprine (Imuranâ ®), 6-MP (Purinetholâ ®), and methotrexateImmune modifiers are a few instances of this. Much the same as numerous different ailm ents IBD can likewise be treated with the utilization of Antibiotics. Anti-infection agents like metronidazole, ampicillin, and ciprofloxacin, are only a couple of the sorts that can be utilized. Likewise organic treatments can be utilized to treat IBD. There are numerous sorts and every fill an alternate need. For instance Inflixmiab (Remicadeâ ®) is a medication made of 75 percent human, 25 percent mouse protein and is an immunizer. This antibodies work is to square ones invulnerable framework. This blockage prevents the resistant framework from making a substance called tumor putrefaction factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a concoction that is made by the bodys invulnerable framework to increase aggravation inside the body. By preventing the invulnerable framework from making TNF-alpha, irritation brought about by IBD can be prevented.11 In the long run medication won't be sufficient to control the side effects of IBD. 66%-75% of individuals determined to have Crohns will in the long run need medical procedure in their lives. Medical procedure might be expected to fix a fistula, clear blockage in the digestion tracts, or to evacuate an area of the digestive organs. In instances of IBD, surgerys principle work is to attempt to keep as much as the guts unblemished and helps pat

Office Communication Top Ten List Entry #4 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Office Communication Top Ten List Entry #4 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog This is the fourth entry in our “Top 10? list for you to consider when communicating with our office and applying. Number 4 Thoroughly review our FAQ Page When it doubt about something my recommendation is first to check out our admission FAQ page.   Dont get me wrong, we love to answer email and help people out, but we also feel bad when we get backlogged and are not able to respond within the time frame we would like, and the question is clearly answered on the FAQ page. Thus it is a great idea to familiarize yourself with the FAQ page.   I recommend setting aside some time to try and read the whole page in one sitting.   Also, we try to update the FAQ page frequently.   If we find that lots of people have the same question, we try to add it to the FAQ page.   Thus dont be surprised if we direct you to the FAQ page when you email us with a question. While we do answer all emails sent to our office, you might find the answer more quickly if you perform some quick searches (CTRL-F in most browsers) on the FAQ page.

The, Wildlife, And The Natural Land, By Henry David Thoreau

Just years after the Industrial Revolution, a time at which engineering and the economy became the main concerns of the population, many of the American people forgot the importance of the land that provided the resources that sustained them. In a time where there was believed to be nowhere but society to reside in, few refuted the idea that the wilderness was really so uncivilized. In his 1845 memoir, Henry David Thoreau describes his experiences living in a quaint cabin, â€Å"in the wilderness†, alongside Walden Pond near Concord, Massachusetts. Presenting his findings of being self-reliable, Thoreau depicts what his life was like alone in the woods with only nature to ease one’s mind and solitude to provide company. With detailed†¦show more content†¦He accordingly conveys this idea by stating that society only believes in intrinsic value and only once one can seclude themselves from the portrait of society can one come to find instrumental value. Continuing with his descriptions of the Walden Pond during winter, Thoreau presents the idea of overconsumption and sustainability throughout the book. While observing the ice cutters at Walden Pond, Thoreau comments on human effort to exploit nature, arguing that the actions are in vain as nature regenerates much faster than it can be threatened, which is very debatable due to the knowledge that there is only a finite amount of resources on the planet. Thoreau thoroughly believes in his idea of self-reliance and states that there are only four necessities that should determine one’s ability to survive: food, shelter, clothing, and fuel, many of which he believes nature provides graciously. This refutes the idea that prosperity is dependent widescale economic surplus. Thoreau makes his argument clear, writing that any attempt at luxury is likely to prove more as a hinderance that an aid to one’s individual improvement as in Economy when he writes â€Å"Most men, even i n this comparatively free country, through mere ignorance and mistake, are soShow MoreRelatedHenry David Thoreau : Idealism And Existentialism1311 Words   |  6 PagesIdealism and Existentialism consolidate together in Henry David Thoreau’s work, Walking. His ethic is no other than of a man that has come to his full- senses, seeing the world from the most narrow space that society have to offer, he expanded that space and went into a journey that every man should take, a journey of self-discovery and understanding of nature. Thoreau’s Walking solves the question that we all may consider of doing before making an action. How to do it? is described in Walking,Read More Back to Nature in Henry David Thoreau’s Walden Essay2031 Words   |  9 PagesIn Walden, Henry David Thoreau explains how a relationship with nature reveals aspects of the true self that remain hidden by the distractions of society and technology. To Thoreau, the burdens of nineteenth century existence, the cycles of exhausting work to obtain property, force society to exist as if it were slumbering. Therefore, Thoreau urges his readers to seek a spiritual awakening. Through his rhetoric,Thoreau alludes to a rebirth of the self and a reconnection to the natural world. TheRead MoreClimate Change Is A Serious Problem1028 Words   |  5 Pagesearly 19th century. Writers such as Henry David Thoreau, Waldo Emerson, and James Fenimore Cooper shared their love of nature in their writing. Philosophers also joined in like John Muir. T he U.S. Forest Service in 1905, directed by Gifford Pinochet, saw nature as something to be utilized; but only if resources were not wasted. He kept the generation of today and tomorrow in his actions. Others, such as Aldo Leopold believed that humans should manage the land, but in a way that it does not harm itRead MoreAn Open Letter to Roderick Nash on Island Civilization Essay829 Words   |  4 Pagesabilities. Humans can not be the only thing that is hurting the Earth. When you really think about it, Earth goes through a lot of natural disasters, which cannot be controlled. According to an activist, Tim Haering, â€Å"Tsunamis, floods, volcanoes, earthquakes, tornadoes, wildfires, disease nature kills more than we kill each other.† Earth throws in all of these natural disasters to destroy what is hurting it. It also helps the Earth regenerate. Nash blames humans for Earth’s wounds, when that is entirelyRead MoreThe Great Expansion Of The 20th Century Essay1666 Words   |  7 Pageswater for its rapid growth. In all this great expansion of aqueducts and dams, concerned citizens like John Muir proclaimed that more must be done to protect the majesty and beauty of California before it is all gone. Inspired by the writing of Henry David Thoreau, which published Walden, a landmark book on the topic of environmentalism, and his years exploring and camping in the Sierra Nevada wil derness, Muir began to gather like-minded scientists and thinkers in San Francisco. Efforts by Muir and theRead MoreFirst Along The River - Short Answer Take Home Exam1243 Words   |  5 Pagesthey were bestowed with God given rights to occupy, exploit, and colonize the land. Secondly, the colonial European attitude of popularity and influence was the ideas of Enlightenment thinking. 3. Native Americans controlled their environments by burning forested areas inhabited by elk, deer, and turkey to facilitate hunting. Also, Native Americans burned fields to remove their old stock in order to cultivate the land more smoothly. 4. A few people in the 19th century who rejected the exploitationRead MoreThe Mountains Are Calling By John Muir Essay2619 Words   |  11 PagesThe Mountains are Calling Scottish born â€Å"John of the Mountains† impacted the way National Parks are viewed today. As a wee lad, John Muir had a keen fixation on his natural surroundings. Conversely, his father Daniel was vehemently opposed to any contact with the world outside of their garden. Ironically, the family’s abrupt move to America would set the stage for his son John to blossom into the renowned naturalist he is remembered as today. While attending college in Wisconsin, John was exposedRead More Wilderness: History and Value Essay3244 Words   |  13 PagesAmericas relationship with its wilderness lands. Many of the nations first European arrivals brought with them very Puritanical views regarding the appropriateness of order and disorder as well as fundamental Christian views (Kropf, 1997). In their minds, the unsettled and unestablished lands of the New World symbolized lack of order and therefore the absence of God. Along with disorderly lands there existed native inhabitants who, because they had not subdued the land-putting it to strict agriculturalRead MoreEnvironmental Protection and Free Trade Coexisting Essay2055 Words   |  9 Pagesrealize that we have now created the way of life which cannot be had by everyone due to the enormous amount of energy which it requires. For example, it would be impossible for all humans to own and operate cars because there are no longer enough natural resources to provide the energy necessary for this commodity. Free trade has an underlying basis of individual liberty, and implies two symbolic freedoms (Audley, 21). The first being a â€Å"cost-less solution to expanding the human scale,† meaningRead MoreEstablishment Of The Environmental Protection Agency2358 Words   |  10 Pagesled to the passage of landmark legislation in the 1970s that protected natural resources, restored degraded areas, and protected the population of the US from poor water quality and bad ambient air conditions. The acts passed in the 1970s had an immediate impact on American society, and their reach continues through this day. On April 22nd, 1970, the American public gathered in the streets to celebrate clean air, water, and land. Congressmen in Washington D.C. halted their activities to be their constituents;

Essay on Special Education - 2874 Words

The education system in our country was put in place in order to do service to our children. Despite this, in many cases, children that have disabilities are neglected by their schools. As a society, we all want to make sure that these children are being taken care of. However, there is a large spectrum of students with disabilities, and more needs to be done in order to meet every individual’s needs. In some cases, they do not receive enough attention, and others receive so much that it holds them back from succeeding on their own. Generally speaking, students with special needs benefit from integration into general education classrooms when it is handled appropriately; however in many cases, students are still being short-changed.†¦show more content†¦Koch says that, â€Å"By nearly all accounts, the law has been highly successful at educating students once turned away at the schoolhouse door as ‘untrainable’†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Julie Verdonik too bel ieves that the program can be successful, and has confidence in the special needs students at Maple Grove. With all of this success, why is it necessary that the special education system be reevaluated? Despite the potential for success that IDEA creates, there are many students whose needs are not yet being met. Some states in our country ignore the act altogether, and do not provide their students with the resources and materials they need to be successful. In many cases, teachers in general education are not trained enough to handle students with special needs being a part of their classroom (Gable). The two of these factors combine to create an environment that slows down the learning process at no fault of the child. On top of that, many low-income areas do not receive enough funding to afford to service their students to the best of their ability, further hindering the child. Misdiagnosis is also a problem commonly found in low-income areas that holds students back from reaching their full potential (Koch). Students that are simply falling behind due to overcrowded classrooms are subjected to remedial reading and other needs-based classes when they don’t actually suffer from any disability (Koch). In some states, children with specialShow MoreRelatedSpecial Needs For Special Education1028 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction/Purpose Fitzgerald, Ryan Fitzgerald (2015) reported that it has been an increase of children identified with special education needs in different countries in Europe. One of the explanation for this influx is the definition of special needs recently changed, which caused more children to fall under that category. Since more children qualify for special education, professionals and parents need training and guidance on meeting the needs of those students. In Ireland, there is a challengeRead MoreEducational Education And Special Education1556 Words   |  7 Pagesover or coddled by general education teachers; teachers without the proper training, no less, expected to properly instruct these students with intellectual disabilities. Kids that are always expected too much of or doubted indefinitely. These are the children that don’t belong in a general education classroom. While mainstreaming, the act of blending general education and special education classes, can possess benefits for both general education and special education pupils, it should not be implementedRead MoreEssay special education11975 Words   |  48 Pagescan cause hip dislocation and deformed bone growth.   No treatment may be currently available to lessen Davids impairment. Disability:    Davids inability to walk is a disability.   His level of disability can be improved with physical therapy and special equipment.   For example, if he learns to use a walker, with braces, his level of disability will improve considerably. Handicap:    Davids cerebral palsy is handicapping to the extent that it prevents him from fulfilling a normal role at home, inRead MoreHistorical Background Of Special Education Essay1605 Words   |  7 Pages2011 according to the National Center for Education Statistics 13 percent of the total number of enrollment in the public school were receiving federally supported special education programs†. (National Center for Education Statistics) The goal of special education is for all students with or without a disability to be educated in the least restrictive environment. It is the common belief that special needs students should be placed in the general education classroom with their non-disabled peersRead MoreSpecial Education And The Benefits Of Technology1639 Words   |  7 PagesSpecial Education and the Benefits of Technology in the Classroom Special Education is a type of instruction designed to help disabled and gifted children use their full learning abilities. Many special needs children work in regular classrooms for most of the school day. These students also work with specially trained teachers for part of each school day. These teachers work with helping them to overcome their disabilities. These sessions are usually held in a classroom called a resource roomRead MoreIntegrating Special Education Children596 Words   |  2 PagesDisadvantages of Integrating Special Education Children in Regular Classrooms Few topics have as much controversy as inclusion of children with special needs in regular classrooms. Few professionals question the appropriateness of inclusion of students with disabilities in regular classes. However, significant debate about which students should form part of the general education classes and the time they should spend in those classes persists. This has led to two groups, one for, and the other againstRead MoreSpecial Education Philosophy Paper2449 Words   |  10 PagesDescribe own special educational philosophy in terms of its metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and logic. My Philosophy of Special Education is that special education is teaching children who have special needs, which can interfere with their learning abilities. I believe special education compared to general education is merely an extension of services in helping all children learn. Learning is a process through which we increase our knowledge as a result of the experiences in our lives. WeRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Inclusion For Special Education Essay1626 Words   |  7 Pagesthis paper I am going to be talking about the pros and cons of inclusion for Special Education children. By definition, Inclusion rejects the use of special schools or classrooms to separate students with disabilities from students without disabilities. Special Education is a topic that is important, even though people may not realize how important it is for the fact that they don’t understand what goes into Special Education for children in schools. â€Å"Negative beliefs many people have about individualsRead MoreGeneral Education And Special Education930 Words   |  4 PagesCo-Teaching Expectations Division of Labor General education and special education teacher are require to work together as a team to ensure the students in the inclusive classroom setting is learning with the accurate accommodation and tools to fit their needs. The general education and special education teacher work together to create a lesson plan to which it targets all areas of learning for all students in the inclusive classroom setting. Both teachers should sit together to discuss their concernsRead MoreSpecial Education Reflection1329 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: REFLECTION PAPER Reflection Paper En Tseh Wang Lehigh University Special Education 332 (Education and Inclusion of Individuals with Special Needs) has been enlightening for me as a secondary mathematics educator. In the beginning of the semester, my feelings towards special education were those of apathy and insensitivity. I now understand that my feelings were due to my lack of knowledge and my judgment based on stereotypes. I always knew that making fun of students

Public Safety Free Essays

There has widespread public outcry on issues relating to safety, women are purported to be the main victims as they were the ones that most attacked at called the attention of relevant authorities. A series of interviews were carried out on three different women to on matters relating to public safety. This was in action to decipher the extent of the threat or imminent threats they faced, how they felt about it, how they would prevent or defend themselves when in such unfortunate situations and the recommendations that they would have to the public safety department in a bid to lower the risks of being attacked. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Safety or any similar topic only for you Order Now The city was rated to be the least safe place in the country, but there were a few exceptions to the status quo. From the interviews it was discovered that all the respondents rated their hoods unsafe and they would prefer staying indoors all the time if need be. They all felt secure when in malls, places near the police station and mostly banks. There was a mixed answer in the places that were presumed to be less secure; I categorically picked the word ‘presume’ because none of the respondents reported that they had ever been attacked or molested in the places they mentioned. The market place was rated to be the least secure place, then the central business district followed and deserted allays closed the list of dangerous places. The respondents felt secure in markets and the CBD because the probability of one noticing danger or more so evade it was very low. None of them had been attacked but they felt most insecure when in those two areas, deserted alleys were marked as red zones because one would feel very helpless when confronted in such places. Barber shops and clubs also fell into sharp criticism as their securities were termed inefficient for such crowded areas. Other people would opt to call for private barber services than risk exposing themselves to the areas they termed crime prone. Word was that no one could risk walking outside alone but if the situation forced it then they would either call some other person to tell them how insecure they feel then walk lit pathways or walk in a group of more than 10 people to boost personal security. The respondents agreed that they would forego walking in the dark at all costs if they other alternatives. Rainy was said to be the most dangerous time then followed by snow seasons. I bet this because of the darkness that engulfs when these seasons come. All the respondents were women and they said that feel more insecure than men would be because they felt that male masculinity was an added advantage when it comes to lessening the imminent security threat or even fighting it off. This claim was fortified by one respondent that said that her husband would be the first person she would ever call when in a dire situation. From the investigation it was clear that none of the women had ever been publicly molested in crowded areas of mugged in deserted alleys but they all felt very insecure about the places. Maybe that was an indication that the situation has always been under control and that the police department was working; but not publicly. Their recommendations of a secure city and neighborhood would be one that has regular police patrols and one that has all streets and deserted pathways properly lit. Peoples fear can be attributed to the psychological triggers of darkness and the one of feeling accosted when in dark alleys (leer-2017). With said, it is high time the peoples recommendations be worked on so as to boost public confidence in matters relating public safety.ReferenceA Lear- 2017, behavior therapySafety behavior after extinction triggers a return of threat expectancy How to cite Public Safety, Papers

Revenge in Hamlet and Frankenstein free essay sample

The novel, Frankenstein, and the play, Hamlet, are two works of literature that revolve around the notion of revenge. The main conflicts of the stories are Prince Hamlet attempting to avenge the murder of his father and Frankenstein’s monster hunting down Victor Frankenstein for abandoning him in an empty and lonely existence. The novels use other themes to tie together the underlying theme of revenge, such as death, madness, and learning and â€Å"un-learning. Death is a source that fuels the yearning for revenge in both stories. Prince Hamlet is obviously pushed to revenge when he figures out that King Claudius murdered his father. In Act 1, Scene 5, the Ghost urges Hamlet to â€Å"revenge his foul and most unnatural murder† to which Hamlet replies: â€Å"Haste me to know’t, that I, with wings as swift/ As meditation or the thoughts of love,/ May sweep to my revenge. † (Act I, Scene 5, p. 29) May I add that this occurs before the name of the murderer is revealed; Hamlet swears to extract revenge in a timely fashion simply based upon the knowledge of corrupted death in his family. And Hamlet certainly follows Hammurabi’s Code (â€Å"an eye for an eye†) when revenge comes to mind. For Hamlet, it is death and only death that can avenge his father’s murder. While Hamlet’s tragic flaw is his inability to act on these emotions (one could easily argue that King Claudius’ death comes as a result of his own plot backfiring), it is death that inspires the powerful and conflicting emotions of revenge within Hamlet. The monster in Frankenstein does not turn to revenge immediately, unlike Hamlet. Instead, he attempts to exist alone at first; when his residence at the cabin falls through, the monster then turns to Victor for a cohort, attempting to offset his miserable existence with both solitude and companionship. Because Victor ultimately refuses to provide the monster with a friend (Victor kills the female monster before he is finished), the monster decides that revenge is the only way to make Victor feel as desolate as he has for his entire life. Rather than just killing Victor, however, the monster decides to kill his loved ones. The death of a potential companion in the world incites the monster to create even more death. The monster kills William Frankenstein, Justine Moritz, and Henry Clerval before Victor Frankenstein’s darkest emotions are drawn out. With the loss of Henry Clerval, Victor’s closest friend, Victor is finally pushed to the brink of insanity and starts plotting his own revenge. Of course, the monster ends up murdering Elizabeth as well and while that death puts the monster’s quest for revenge at ease, it only intensifies the thirst for revenge that Victor Frankenstein tastes. â€Å"Yet he knew me not at first. A said I was a fishmonger. ‘ A is far gone, far gone. And truly in my youth I suffered much extremity for love, very near this. † (Act II, Scene 2, p. 46) Polonius says this when describing Prince Hamlet’s madness to himself during their exchange in Act 2, Scene 2. Hamlet pretends to be insane in order to throw off Polonius, because he is fully aware that Polonius is acting as a spy for Claudius. Seeking revenge leads to Hamlet becoming an utterly mad person with antic behavior. By mocking him, Hamlet convinced Polonius that he was crazy so that Polonius would report his craziness to the court. With Claudius thinking that Hamlet had succumbed to madness, he would be an easy target for Hamlet to extract his revenge on. Of course, Hamlet has to keep up the facade with everybody he comes across. In Act II, Scene 2, Hamlet acts crazed to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern by likening Denmark to a prison, talking about his dreams, openly accusing Rosencrantz and Guildenstern of spying repeatedly, and even casually claiming that he is going mad. One of my personal favorite lines from this section is when Hamlet states, â€Å"I am but mad north-northwest: when the wind is southerly I know a hawk from a handsaw. (Act II, Scene 2, p. 53) Here Hamlet is shamelessly admitting his insanity while also proving that his madness does not necessarily make him any less acute. Also, Hamlet is sure to spread his madness over Ophelia during their encounters, from the bedroom scene (where Hamlet sneaks up on Ophelia in her bedroom but does not say a word to her) to the famous â€Å"get thee to a nunnery† scene. Ophelia, Polonius, Rosencrantz, and Guildenstern all report Hamlet’s madness accordingly, as Hamlet wanted. The premise of revenge in Frankenstein revolves around the theory of madness. Victor Frankenstein is a mad man; he shuns away all human contact and disregards his own health to create unnatural life, which he then abandons. His own insanity creates the monster, who ultimately ends up murdering Victor’s loved ones to break him down entirely. â€Å"I know not by what chain of thought the idea presented itself, but it instantly darted into my mind that the murderer had come to mock at my misery, and taunt me with the death of [Henry] Clerval, as a new incitement for me to comply with his hellish desires. I put my hand before my eyes and cried out in agony – Oh! take him away! I cannot see him; for God’s sake, do not let him enter. † (Volume 3, Chapter IV, p. 125) Here, Victor is voicing his madness in fear after the creature murdered Henry Clerval on his path to revenge. It was Henry Clerval’s death that also initially triggered Victor’s craving for revenge, so this quote is germane to the theme of madness in various ways. Ophelia states that Hamlet is a perfect nobleman, young, intelligent, and scholarly. She is not incorrect in any of these statements. So naturally, when Hamlet wants to inflict revenge for his father’s murder, he must learn how to become a blood-lusting killer while â€Å"unlearning† the traits that make him a â€Å"perfect nobleman. † He swears to the Ghost that he will learn to kill to avenge his father. Thus begins his descent to madness. Hamlet practices his savagery on Ophelia and Gertrude, openly insulting both of them and speaking to them in a much harsher nature than usual. He ridicules Claudius, even, in the presence of others. Hamlet slowly sheds away his gentlemanly behavior before he can finally practice his hand at murdering. Unfortunately for Hamlet, however, his first victim is Polonius and not King Claudius. Even though Hamlet did not kill his target, it was apparent at that point that he had made excellent strides towards learning how to kill and unlearning how to be an upstanding citizen. He actually becomes so good at learning how to kill that he forges documents to have his childhood friends, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, executed. Hamlet displayed all of the traits necessary to be an outstanding revenge-seeker, but his inability to channel his emotions properly held him back from reaching his goal. This trait of kindness moved me sensibly. I had been accustomed, during the night, to steal a part of their store for my own consumption; but when I found that in doing this I inflicted pain on the cottagers, I abstained, and satisfied myself with berries, nuts, and roots, which I gathered from a neighbouring wood. (Volume 2, Chapter IV, p. 74) This quote from Frankenstein embodies who the creature was before his motives changed. He was a selfless, sensitive and helpful being who was plagued by seclusion from the world and a lack of companionship. His emotional capacities set him apart from other monster characters in literature and cinematic history, but it also ties in the theme of learning and unlearning. The monster clearly starts his existence as a beneficial creature, putting the needs of random cabin dwellers before his own. But after being abandoned by his creator as well as being attacked for trying help strangers, the creature realizes that he needs to unlearn kindness and learn how to become assertive. After the creature’s request for a mate is ultimately denied, his vengeful motives are unleashed. The monster hastily learns how to kill and continuously proves it to Victor by killing William, Justine Moritz, Henry Clerval, and Elizabeth, but never actually killing Victor himself. Instead, the creature allows Victor to murder himself by wasting his remaining years trying to seek out his own revenge for what his creation did to him for leaving him alone in the world. The theme of revenge is an interesting concept in Hamlet and Frankenstein. In both stories, revenge is played up to be the only means of coping with those who have wronged you, although both circumstances are much more extreme than everyday life. Interestingly enough, revenge works out very differently in each story. In Hamlet, everybody dies. Prince Hamlet, King Claudius, Laertes, Gertrude, Polonius, Ophelia, and even Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are all dead in the wake of Hamlet’s revenge. The message here is simple – even if your revenge is for the most noble of reasons and even if it is carefully planned out, it is not the best course of action and will likely backfire. Or, simply put, do not seek revenge when there are better alternatives. Frankenstein does not offer that same message, however. The monster, who readers are more likely to sympathize with than Victor, is fruitful in his plot for revenge. He successfully murders the people close to Victor and goes into hiding, eventually wearing down Victor to his own death as well. What is even more interesting about this novel is that Victor fails in his own revenge plot. This is obviously done on purpose because the creature is the character that the reader wants to get behind. So, when the creature is successful and Victor is not, the message sent is that revenge works when revenge is the correct method. In the end, both stories provided the complex theme of revenge very adequately. The messages sent were vastly different but both had so much substance. Through death, madness, and learning and unlearning, revenge prevails as the prominent theme of Hamlet and Frankenstein.